{"id":323,"date":"2008-05-16T11:11:56","date_gmt":"2008-05-16T03:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/?p=323"},"modified":"2008-05-16T11:11:56","modified_gmt":"2008-05-16T03:11:56","slug":"reporting-tense-ouch-my-head-hurts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/?p=323","title":{"rendered":"Reporting Tense (Ouch My Head Hurts)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This is perhaps the weirdest thing that happen to me since I started learning the English language &#8211; the writing in &#8220;reporting tense&#8221;, or &#8220;indirect speech&#8221; (&#8220;I am dancing&#8221; -> He said he was dancing) &#8211; as required for writing meeting minutes. I have come to realize that I have never done meeting minutes (at least formally) in my life, and obviously in those situations, I don&#8217;t have to the huge pressure of native English speakers such as the island-grown Singaporeans glaring at my half-past six linguistic capabilities. Ouch, my head hurts.<\/p>\n<p>So, I learned again yesterday, after learning it around 20 years ago when I was 8 years old, that <b>this<\/b> becomes <b>that<\/b>, <b>at the moment<\/b> becomes <b>at that moment<\/b>, <b>must be<\/b> becomes <b>must have been<\/b>, <b>may bring<\/b> becomes <b>might bring<\/b>, and when <b>she said, &#8220;I&#8217;ve worked here since I left my last job.&#8221;<\/b>, I have to write <b>She told me that she <u>had<\/u> worked <u>there<\/u> since she <u>HAD<\/u> left her last job<\/b>, and how the hell the last HAD went into the sentence was still pretty unclear to me&#8230; one step back into the past? Also, indirect questions can be complicated for my feeble brain, thus I try to minimize.<\/p>\n<p>Take a quiz, see if you can score perfectly: <a href=\"http:\/\/esl.about.com\/library\/quiz\/blgrquiz_reported1.htm\" target=\"_blank\">About.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Some quick summary of tips from various websites after I went through my self-taught crash course:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original. e.g. Jack said he came to school every day.<\/li>\n<li>If simple present, present perfect or the future is used in the reporting verb (i.e. says) the tense is retained. I rarely use this coz the meeting is over, but it&#8217;s useful in everyday speech.<\/li>\n<li>If reporting a general truth the present tense will be retained. e.g. The teacher said that the sky is blue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember to change the pronouns (my becomes her) and time signifiers (went becomes had gone). Then change time words (tomorrow becomes the next day, yesterday becomes the day before).<\/p>\n<p>For yes\/no questions, use &#8220;if&#8221;, the rest (why, where, when, etc.) just follow.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>As for the words that are used to quote speech, here&#8217;s a list of useful words to choose from. Note: Simple past, present perfect and past perfect all change to <b>past perfect<\/b>!<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>advise encourage invite remind warn agree decide offer promise refuse threaten \tadmit agree decide deny explain insist promise recommend suggest deny recommend suggest accuse blame congratulate apologize insist<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>End of English lesson. <a href=\"http:\/\/esl.about.com\/od\/grammarintermediate\/a\/reported_speech.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Further Reading<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is perhaps the weirdest thing that happen to me since I started learning the English language &#8211;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","content-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=323"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.jiinjoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}